Actors

User

The starting point of every transaction. Users initiate off-ramp orders and retain full custody of their stablecoins in their own wallet until the entire process is completed and verified. This non-custodial approach is fundamental to the protocol's design.

Relayer (TEE)

The coordinator that ensures smooth order flow. It operates inside a secure hardware environment and cannot act alone due to built-in quorum requirements, providing strong trust minimization.

Resolver (Merchant Bot)

Third-party participants (merchants or automated bots) that compete to fulfill UPI payments. They stake collateral and earn yield, aligning their incentives with network health and reliability.

ClearNode (Yellow Network)

The reliable message broker and validator layer that maintains the integrity of off-chain state transitions and ensures consistent communication between all actors.

Each actor plays a specific, well-defined role that contributes to the overall speed, security, and decentralization of the protocol.